Optimal Design and Mathematical Modeling of Hybrid Solar PV–Biogas Generator with Energy Storage Power Generation System in Multi-Objective Function Cases

This study demonstrates how to use grid-connected hybrid PV and biogas energy with a SMES-PHES storage system in nation frequent grid outages. The primary goal of this work is enhance the HRES’s capacity favorably influence economic viability, reliability, environmental impact. net present cost (NPC), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, likelihood power outage are among variables that examined. A mixed solution involves using variety methodologies compromise aspects economy, environment. Metaheuristic optimization techniques such as non-dominated sorting whale algorithm (NSWOA), multi-objective grey wolf (MOGWO), particle swarm (MOPSO) used find best size for systems based on evaluation parameters financial stability, GHG emissions have been evaluated MATLAB. thorough comparison between NSWOA, MOGWO, MOPSO at 150 iterations has presented. outcomes demonstrated NSWOA’s superiority achieving optimum value predefined function, MOGWO coming second third, respectively. focused ability produce NPC, LPSP, values, which EUR 6.997 × 106, 0.0085, 7.3679 106 Kg reduced, Additionally, simulation results NSWOA technique outperforms other its solve problem. Furthermore, show designed acceptable values under various operating conditions.